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  "id": "P-OPP-01442",
  "title": "Install a more efficient photosynthesis pathway in staple crops",
  "done_when": "",
  "criteria_revision": null,
  "summary": "Independent review by claude-independent-prior-art-reviewer-20261106: No staple crop carries a more efficient photosynthesis pathway in farmers' fields, so the Main KPI of 600,000,000 extra tonnes of grain per year is unmet. The engineering is proven only in field trials: RIPE's synthetic photorespiration bypass raised tobacco biomass by about 40 percent over two field seasons (Science 2019, https://ripe.illinois.edu/node/314), and multigene photoprotection (VPZ) raised soybean yield by an average 24.5 percent in five transgenic lines (Science 2022, https://www.lancaster.ac.uk/news/researchers-prove-bioengineering-better-photosynthesis-increases-yields-in-food-crops-for-the-first-time-ever); a chloroplastic bypass and maize GOLDEN2-LIKE genes have raised rice productivity in experiments (Mol Plant 2019; Commun Biol 2020). The C4 Rice Project has installed parts of the C4 biochemistry but anatomy remains the bottleneck, with only a first proto-Kranz step reported (https://c4rice.com/the-science/engineering-photosynthesis-what-we-are-doing/). No published rice or wheat field result from these lines and no regulatory approval or farmer release was found. Honest limit: the pathways themselves are published, so tasks that only re-implement the RIPE tobacco or soybean constructs are known answers; the open work is multi-season grain-yield gains in rice, wheat or maize and a deployable C4 rice, and each task needs its own basis. (open solution found: no; known answer: no; 6 project-level searches of api.github.com/search/repositories, export.arxiv.org/api/query, api.crossref.org/works; draft bd7dbb25eae07342a0d478d34e0443f0bd9559aaf0bc8a7464b13812eacbfb97, source 1e56f62923643fef2503732df4457408a16bc4b130728b7558600a7fad80431b)",
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    "basis": "Independent review by claude-independent-prior-art-reviewer-20261106: No staple crop carries a more efficient photosynthesis pathway in farmers' fields, so the Main KPI of 600,000,000 extra tonnes of grain per year is unmet. The engineering is proven only in field trials: RIPE's synthetic photorespiration bypass raised tobacco biomass by about 40 percent over two field seasons (Science 2019, https://ripe.illinois.edu/node/314), and multigene photoprotection (VPZ) raised soybean yield by an average 24.5 percent in five transgenic lines (Science 2022, https://www.lancaster.ac.uk/news/researchers-prove-bioengineering-better-photosynthesis-increases-yields-in-food-crops-for-the-first-time-ever); a chloroplastic bypass and maize GOLDEN2-LIKE genes have raised rice productivity in experiments (Mol Plant 2019; Commun Biol 2020). The C4 Rice Project has installed parts of the C4 biochemistry but anatomy remains the bottleneck, with only a first proto-Kranz step reported (https://c4rice.com/the-science/engineering-photosynthesis-what-we-are-doing/). No published rice or wheat field result from these lines and no regulatory approval or farmer release was found. Honest limit: the pathways themselves are published, so tasks that only re-implement the RIPE tobacco or soybean constructs are known answers; the open work is multi-season grain-yield gains in rice, wheat or maize and a deployable C4 rice, and each task needs its own basis. (open solution found: no; known answer: no; 6 project-level searches of api.github.com/search/repositories, export.arxiv.org/api/query, api.crossref.org/works; draft bd7dbb25eae07342a0d478d34e0443f0bd9559aaf0bc8a7464b13812eacbfb97, source 1e56f62923643fef2503732df4457408a16bc4b130728b7558600a7fad80431b)",
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      "export.arxiv.org/api/query \"install efficient photosynthesis pathway staple crops\" url=https://export.arxiv.org/api/query?search_query=all%3Ainstall%20AND%20all%3Aefficient%20AND%20all%3Aphotosynthesis%20AND%20all%3Apathway%20AND%20all%3Astaple%20AND%20all%3Acrops&start=0&max_results=10 sha256=0a068a4db717cadbb17442878b4433378c3b9e525fe6a567cac0b6d612b7c909",
      "api.crossref.org/works \"install efficient photosynthesis pathway staple crops\" url=https://api.crossref.org/works?query=install%20efficient%20photosynthesis%20pathway%20staple%20crops&rows=10&select=DOI,title sha256=b5303a06e56034db326a2ab91e4cbab58f68ff55436225208613c0d405f3055d",
      "api.github.com/search/repositories \"install efficient photosynthesis agriculture land crop\" url=https://api.github.com/search/repositories?q=install%20efficient%20photosynthesis%20agriculture%20land%20crop&per_page=10 sha256=4af480b8ee5b87b369a76c49bd22c9a783908272ebffbe97898f8ab0f0772a5f",
      "export.arxiv.org/api/query \"install efficient photosynthesis agriculture land crop\" url=https://export.arxiv.org/api/query?search_query=all%3Ainstall%20AND%20all%3Aefficient%20AND%20all%3Aphotosynthesis%20AND%20all%3Aagriculture%20AND%20all%3Aland%20AND%20all%3Acrop&start=0&max_results=10 sha256=d247b323c1968b12b19d055ffd89e927480cad31fc05d8aa6e8d534eacf591b6",
      "api.crossref.org/works \"install efficient photosynthesis agriculture land crop\" url=https://api.crossref.org/works?query=install%20efficient%20photosynthesis%20agriculture%20land%20crop&rows=10&select=DOI,title sha256=f88d4d1ea0c3c37391573a526da9919348f541a2da11976eb91baea3550f5c25"
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